In the same study, when the group was divided into "fast", "moderate" and "slow" groups, the average speeds were 40 wpm, 35 wpm, and 23 wpm respectively. In one study of average computer users, the average rate for transcription was 33 words per minute, and 19 words per minute for composition. For example, the phrase "nǐ chīle ma" (你吃了吗) meaning "Have you eaten yet?" can be typed with just 4 strokes: "nclm". Such prediction software even allows typing short-hand forms while producing complete characters. Today, even Written Chinese can be typed very quickly using the combination of a software prediction system and by typing their sounds in Pinyin. The speed of an Afrikaans-speaking operator in Cape Town can be compared with a French-speaking operator in Paris. The benefits of a standardized measurement of input speed are that it enables comparison across language and hardware boundaries. Therefore, "brown" counts as one word, but "mozzarella" counts as two. For the purposes of WPM measurement a word is standardized to five characters or keystrokes. Words per minute (WPM) is a measure of typing speed, commonly used in recruitment. Similar to desktop keyboards and input devices, if a user overuses keys which need hard presses and/or have small and unergonomic layouts, it could cause thumb tendonitis or other repetitive strain injury. This can be accomplished using either only one thumb or both the thumbs, with more proficient typists reaching speeds of 100 words per minute. keep their hands fixed on one position, instead of moving them over the keyboard, and more consistently use the same finger to type a certain letter." To quote doctoral candidate Anna Feit: "We were surprised to observe that people who took a typing course, performed at similar average speed and accuracy, as those that taught typing to themselves and only used 6 fingers on average."Ī late 20th century trend in typing, primarily used with devices with small keyboards (such as PDAs and Smartphones), is thumbing or thumb typing. instead of the number of fingers, there are other factors that predict typing speed. People using self-taught typing strategies were found to be as fast as trained typists. According to the study, "The number of fingers does not determine typing speed. One study examining 30 subjects, of varying different styles and expertise, has found minimal difference in typing speed between touch typists and self-taught hybrid typists. Some use their fingers very consistently, with the same finger being used to type the same character every time, while others vary the way they use their fingers. Some use just two fingers, while others use 3–6 fingers. For example, many "hunt and peck" typists have the keyboard layout memorized and are able to type while focusing their gaze on the screen. There are many idiosyncratic typing styles in between novice-style "hunt and peck" and touch typing. Many experienced typists can feel or sense when they have made an error and can hit the ← Backspace key and make the correction with no increase in time between keystrokes. Other shortcuts are the Ctrl key plus the C to copy and the Ctrl key and the V key to paste, and the Ctrl key and the X key to cut. An example of a keyboard shortcut is pressing the Ctrl key plus the S key to save a document as they type, or the Ctrl key plus the Z key to undo a mistake. This allows them to edit their document without having to take their hands off the keyboard to use a mouse. Many touch typists also use keyboard shortcuts when typing on a computer. To avoid this, typists should sit up tall, leaning slightly forward from the waist, place their feet flat on the floor in front of them with one foot slightly in front of the other, and keep their elbows close to their sides with forearms slanted slightly upward to the keyboard fingers should be curved slightly and rest on the home row. Touch typing also involves the use of the home row method, where typists rest their wrist down, rather than lifting up and typing (which can cause carpal tunnel syndrome). In this technique, the typist keeps their eyes on the source copy at all times. Because only a few fingers are used in this technique, this also means that the fingers are forced to move a much greater distance. Although good accuracy may be achieved, the use of this method may also prevent the typist from being able to see what has been typed without glancing away from the keys, and any typing errors that are made may not be noticed immediately. Instead of relying on the memorized position of keys, the typist must find each key by sight. Hunt and peck ( two-fingered typing) is a common form of typing in which the typist presses each key individually. 3.1.2 Minimum string distance error rate.3.1.1 Deconstructing the text input process.
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